What is meant by the "formation" process?

Options

1. It is the remainder of the process of constructing a lithium-ion battery cell after the electrodes have already been fabricated.
2. It is the process of charging the battery cell for the first time.
3. It is the overall process of fabricating a lithium-ion battery cell from beginning to end.
4. It is the process either of stacking electrodes (for pouch cells), or winding electrodes (for cylindrical or prismatic cells) for insertion into the cell’s package.