Hello Guys, welcome back to my blog. In this article, I will discuss what is a sub-station, classification of the substation, site selection, different types of sub-station, selection of a site for sub-station.
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Also read – The Future Scope Of VLSI.
What Is A Sub-Station
A sub-station means which consists of types of equipment used for controlling, switching, and stepping down or up to the voltage. Due to more demand for electricity nowadays sub-stations are located in every city or village.
Classification Of Sub-Station
The substations are classified in different ways such as design, voltage, importance, service rendered, and nature of duties.
Classification Of Substation Based On Design
They are classified as
- 01. Indoor Type Substations
- 02. Outdoor Type Substations
01. Indoor Type Substation – This type of substations are installed inside the building. Indoor type substations are usually 11 KV but sometimes it can be erected to 33 kV and 66 KV.
02. Outdoor Type Substation – The outdoor type substations are classified as pole mounted and foundation mounted substation.
a. Pole Mounted – This type of substation is used for the distribution of power in the local areas. If the transformer rating is 25 KVA, 125 KVA, or below 250 KVA then pole-mounted substation can be used.
b. Foundation Mounted – If the transformer rating is above 250 KVA then the weight of the transformer will become more at that time pole-mounted substation cannot be used.
Classification Of Substation Based On Operating Voltage
The substation classified on the bases of operating voltage is:
- a. HV Substation
- b. EHV Substation
- c. UHV Substation
a. HV Substation – This type of substation i.e., High Voltage Substation, is used if the voltage is between 11 kV to 66 KV.
b. EHV Substation – This type of substation i.e., Extra High Voltage Substation, is used if the voltage is between 132 KV to 400 KV.
c. UHV Substation – This type of substation i.e., Ultra High Voltage Substation, is used if the operating voltage is above 400 KV.
Classification Of Substation On The Basis Of Importance
The substations are classified as:
a. Town Substation – These substations are used in towns that step-downs the voltage from 33 KV to 11 KV. If this substation fails then the whole city will suffer from power shortage.
b. Grid Substation – In this type of substation, a bulk amount of power is transmitted from one place to another place.
Classification Of Substation Based On The Service Rendered
The substations are classified as:
a. Transformer Substations – These types of substations are used to transfer voltage based on need, they transfer power from one voltage to another voltage.
b. Switching Substation – These types of substations are used only for switching purposes not for changing characteristics. This type of substation is helpful while repairing lines or doing maintenance of the line.
c. Converting Substation – These types of substations are used for converting the current from ac to dc or vise-versa and for converting frequency.
Classifications Of Substation Based On Duty
- 01. Generating Substation
- 02. Primary Substation
- 03. Distribution Substation
01. Generating Substation – This type of substation is used in generating stations to step up the voltage of the line.
02. Primary Substation – This type of substation is used to step down the voltage coming from transmission lines.
03. Distribution Substation – This type of substations is located in cities that are used to step-down the voltage from 11 KV to 440 volts (between three phases) and 230 volts (between phase and neutral).
Now I will discuss a selection of a site for the substation.
Selection Of Site For Substation
The following factors should be considered while selecting a site for a substation.
01. Drainage Facility – While selecting the substation the most important thing is to have a drainage facility if the drainage facility is not there then air pollution and growth of micro-organism increase, the growth of the organism will be harmful to equipment.
02. Transportation And Communication Facility – While selecting sit for substation, check whether there is a transportation and communication facility is there or not. To bring heavy equipment transportation facility is required and to communicate with other stations, a communication facility is required.
03. Staff – The site should be such that the staff in substation should be provided with facilities like food, drinking water, housing, etc.
04. Availability Of Land – To construct a substation proper land size is required. The land should be open to all sides. It should be located close to the generating station. For 132 KV substation 10 acres land is required, for 220 KV substation 25 acres land is required and for 400 KV substation 50 acres land is required.
I hope this article may help you all a lot…..
Tags: What Is A Sub-Station, Types, Site Selection, What Is A Sub-Station, Different Types Of Sub-Station, Selection Of Site For Sub-Station.
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