What Is MPPT, Maximum Power Point Tracker, Types Of MPPT Algorithm

April 6, 2022April 6, 2022 CS Electrical And Electronics

Hello guys, welcome back to my blog. In this article, I will discuss what is MPPT, maximum power point tracker, types of MPPT algorithm, and what is the purpose of using this.

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What Is MPPT, Maximum Power Point Tracker

An MPPT charge controller will observe the PV array for the greatest PowerPoint, and try to utilize this information to not only control the output voltage of the PV array but also control the current.

The position of the maximum power points on the PV system characteristic relies intensely on the solar radiation and the temperature of the cell. It is utilized to adjust the exact operating voltage and current of the PV system so that the real power comes to the optimum value as near as feasible. Operation of the PV generator at its MPP concerns comparing the impedance of the load to that of the generator.

For this goal, an electronic device, usually a power conditioning unit, competent in executing the function of an MPPT has to be linked between the PV generator and the load.

Thus, tracking of the MPP is only significant, if components for processing are available and the tracking of the working point does not bring additional energy losses and at small additional costs. Many different techniques have been developed to provide maximum power tracking of the PV systems. These methods can be categorized as either direct or indirect ways.

The direct plans are based on a searching algorithm to choose the maximum power curve without interrupting of the ordinary operation of the PV generator. For a specific working point, the connected voltage is switched around by a certain increment. Therefore, if the output power evolves larger than the last value computed, then the search direction is held for the next step. Otherwise, it will be moved in the opposite direction.

The indirect techniques use an outside signal to calculate the MPP. Such outside signals may be provided by calculating the solar radiation, the short circuit current, the module temperature, or the open-circuit voltage of a reference PV cell. A set of material parameters has to be provided, and the MPP setpoint is derived from the observed signal. In this dissertation, the direct approach is utilized and an MPPT model is known in the PV generator model.

Types Of MPPT Algorithms

MPPT Technique	Convergence speed	Implementation	Periodic tuning	Sensed parameters
Perturb & observe	Varies	Low	No	Voltage
Incremental conductance	Varies	Medium	No	Voltage, current
Fractional Voc	Medium	Medium	Yes	Voltage
Fractional Isc	Medium	Medium	Yes	Current
Fuzzy logic control	Fast	High	Yes	Varies
Neural network	Fast	High	Yes	Varies