Wireless Charging Stations Working, Types Of Compensation

April 3, 2023April 3, 2023 CS Electrical And Electronics

Hello guys, welcome back to our blog. Here in this article, we will discuss wireless charging stations working, the different types of compensation techniques, and we will also discuss the calculation part of the wireless charging stations.

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Wireless Charging Stations Working

The desire for quick and effective EV charging is growing, and wireless EV charging technology provides a possible answer. It makes it possible to charge EVs without a direct physical link being made between the car and the charging station. Instead, it wirelessly transfers electrical energy from the charging station to the vehicle’s battery using electromagnetic induction.

Technology for wireless EV charging is still in its infancy, and there are still a number of obstacles to be addressed before it can be widely used. Efficiency, cost, and compatibility with other EV kinds are some of these difficulties. However, substantial advancements in recent years have made wireless EV charging technology more usable and available.

As there is no need to plug and unplug the car each time it is charged, wireless EV charging has the advantages of convenience, usability, and reduced wear and tear on EV components. Wireless charging also has the potential to lessen the mess and dangers that come with cables and plugs in parking lots and garages.

Around the world, numerous businesses and academic organizations are working to create wireless EV charging technologies. Some pilot programs and commercial deployments have already started. Wireless EV charging has the potential to play a significant role in the infrastructure for EV charging in the future with more development and improvement.

The idea behind wireless EV charging is electromagnetic induction, which involves using a magnetic field to wirelessly transmit energy from one item to another. A primary coil in the charging pad and a secondary coil in the EV are commonly used in the charging process. When the primary coil receives electrical power, it creates a magnetic field. When the secondary coil is placed close to the primary coil, the magnetic field causes an electrical current to flow through it. The battery of the EV is then charged using this current.

The convenience of wireless EV charging is one of its main benefits. Electric vehicle (EV) users no longer have to worry about plugging and unplugging their vehicles every time they need to charge thanks to wireless charging. Instead, they merely park their car over a wireless charging pad, and the process of charging gets started right away. For EV drivers, this can save time and effort and help relieve congestion at charging stations.

The ability to lessen wear and tear on EV components is another benefit of wireless EV charging. Due to frequent use while using conventional charging methods, EV connections and cables may deteriorate over time. Contrarily, wireless charging does away with the need for wires and connectors, potentially extending the life of EV parts.

Wireless EV charging does come with certain difficulties, though. The effectiveness of the charging procedure is one of the major issues. Due to resistance and other variables, some energy can be lost during wireless charging because it includes the transmission of energy over the air. Lower charging rates and worse overall efficiency could result from this. Also, compared to conventional charging systems, installing and maintaining wireless charging devices might be more expensive.

Despite these difficulties, wireless EV charging technology is developing and is predicted to play a bigger part in the development of EV charging infrastructure in the future.

Different Types Of Compensation Techniques

In wireless charging systems, four different types of compensation are employed: series-series (SS), series-parallel (SP), parallel-series (PS), and parallel-parallel (PP) compensation. Each compensation method has pros and cons, and the best one to use will rely on a number of variables, including the system’s power level, the necessary levels of efficiency, and the available budget.

In series-series compensation, in order to adjust the resonance frequency of the receiver coil to match that of the charging pad, a capacitor is inserted in series with the receiver coil. Although this method is straightforward and efficient, it can be sensitive to changes in the load and might not be appropriate for high-power systems.

In series-parallel compensation, in addition to the series capacitor, a capacitor is also inserted in series with the receiver coil in series-parallel compensation. This method can be more complex and could result in higher losses, but it offers superior stability and decreases sensitivity to changes in the load.

In parallel-series compensation, to adjust the resonance frequency of the system, parallel-series compensation adds a capacitor in series with the primary coil of the charging pad. Although it could need extra parts and be sensitive to load variations, this method can offer good stability and efficiency.

With parallel-parallel compensation, in addition to the series capacitor, a capacitor is also inserted in parallel with the primary coil of the charging pad. While this method may be stable and efficient, it could also be more difficult and result in greater losses.

The precise needs of the wireless charging system and the trade-offs between performance, complexity, and cost will ultimately determine the compensation mechanism to be used.

Calculation Part of the Wireless Charging Stations

The power needs of the charging system, the distance between the charging pad and the bike, and the effectiveness of the wireless charging technology must all be taken into account when determining the right coil size for wireless charging a bike.

The general steps you can use to determine the coil size are as follows:

Find out how much power the charging system needs: You must first determine how much power is needed to wirelessly recharge the bike’s battery in order to determine the coil size. This will depend on the battery’s capacity, rate of charge, and charging system effectiveness. Consider the scenario where a 48V, 10Ah battery needs to be charged at a rate of 1A, and the wireless charging system has an efficiency of 80%.

Determine the power transfer requirements: You may determine the power transfer requirements for the wireless charging coil by first determining the power requirements of the charging system. The proximity of the charging pad to the bike and the effectiveness of the wireless charging system will determine these factors. Let’s assume that the wireless charging technique has a 90% efficiency and that the distance between the charging pad and the bike is 10 cm.

If you are aware of the necessary power transfer needs, you can figure out the size of the coil that is required to transfer that power. This will depend on the coil’s coil turns and the frequency of the wireless charging technique being employed. Suppose you need to transfer 48W of power while using a wireless charging device that operates at a frequency of 100kHz. For instance, you may use a coil with 15 turns and a 10 cm diameter.

Test and improve: To make sure the wireless charging coil and system are functioning properly, it is crucial to test them. Based on the outcomes of these tests, you might need to adjust the coil size or other factors.

Remember that this is only a basic overview and that your wireless charging system and the bike may call for additional calculations or factors. It’s advisable to seek advice from a licensed electrical engineer or wireless charging technology specialist to make sure your system is built and designed properly.

Let’s say we have a wireless charging system that uses an induction coil to charge a 36V, 8Ah bike battery. The charging rate is 2A, and the system has an efficiency of 85%. We want to design the coil to have a distance of 15cm between the charging pad and the bike.

Here are the steps to calculate the coil size:

Determine the power requirements of the charging system:
Power = Voltage x Current
Power = 36V x 2A
Power = 72W

Calculate the power transfer requirements:
Power Transfer = Power / Efficiency
Power Transfer = 72W / 0.85
Power Transfer = 84.7W

Determine the coil size:
Assuming we are using a wireless charging system that operates at a frequency of 100kHz, we can use the following formula to calculate the number of turns required:

N = sqrt(Power Transfer / (pi^2 x f^2 x u x A))
where:
N = number of turns
Power Transfer = power transfer requirements (84.7W)
f = frequency (100kHz)
u = permeability of the core (assume 5000 for a ferrite core)
A = area of the coil (unknown)

Rearranging the formula to solve for A, we get:

A = Power Transfer / (pi^2 x f^2 x u x N^2)

Assuming we use a cylindrical coil, the area can be calculated as:

A = pi x r^2
where r is the radius of the coil.

We can assume a diameter of 20cm for the coil, which gives a radius of 10cm.

Using the formula above, we can calculate the number of turns required as:

N = sqrt(84.7 / (pi^2 x 100000^2 x 5000 x (pi x 0.1^2)))
N = 19.9 (rounded to 20 turns)

Then, we can calculate the area of the coil as:

A = 84.7 / (pi^2 x 100000^2 x 5000 x 20^2)
A = 3.8 x 10^-6 m^2

Finally, we can calculate the diameter of the coil as:

d = sqrt(4A / pi)
d = sqrt(4 x 3.8 x 10^-6 / pi)
d = 2.2cm

Therefore, the coil diameter required for this wireless charging system is approximately 2.2cm.

Test and refine:
This coil size can be used to build the wireless charging system, which can then be tested to determine its efficiency and effectiveness. Based on the test results, the coil size or other parameters may need to be refined to improve performance.

This was about “Wireless Charging Stations Working“. I hope this article may help you all a lot. Thanks for reading.

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