Top 20 Interview Questions On IoT, Internet Of Things

Hello guys, welcome back to our blog. Here in this article, we will discuss the top 20 interview questions on IoT, the internet of things, and some questions particularly related to IoT and questions related to its hardware.

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Interview Questions On IoT, Internet Of Things

20. How do you define the internet of things?

Ans. A network of physical objects or “things” is known as the Internet of things that are connected (embedded) with software and a network of many electronics and sensors that help a lot in the exchange of data between such objects. The main purpose of the Internet of Things (IoT) is to extend the reach of the internet from smart devices like smartphones, tablets, and computers to relatively dumb devices like a toaster or fridges.

19. What is Raspberry Pi? And name some fundamental components of IoT.

Ans. It is the latest operating system that has an inbuilt VNC server that has the sole purpose of taking a remote desktop. With the help of SSH, Raspberry Pi can be run in a headless mode also.

Some key fundamental components of IoT are as follows:

User Interface: The information should be available to the end user in some or another way. It can be achieved by triggering alarms or email notifications. There are often when a user requires a separate interface for actively checking their IoT systems.
Sensors: The data should be collected from the user in some or the other way and many sensors help to collect live environment data. All such data has various levels of complexity, it can be simple temperature monitor data or it can be in the form of a video/audio file.
Connectivity: Collected data is now sent to a cloud infrastructure system. Then the sensors should be connected to the cloud using various modes of information transfer. These communication mediums include mobile, satellite networks, Bluetooth, WI-FI, LAN, etc.
Data Processing: After fully collecting data, it gets to the cloud infrastructure. The software product performs processing and analysis on the gathered data sent by the sensors. This process can be just as simple as checking the temperature or reading on devices like AC. Moreover, it can sometimes also reach very high complexity levels, like identifying objects, using computer vision on video, or making a self-driving car.

18. What are the major differences between IoT and IIoT?

Ans.

IoT

Its full form is the Internet of Things.
It gives customer-oriented applications.
Does Not have much criticality.
Wireless systems always do all the communication.
Its service model is mostly human-centric.
The data quality is always maintained from high to medium.

IIoT

Its full form is the Industrial Internet of Things.
It mostly supports industry-oriented applications.
Supports severe criticality.
The communication is done wirelessly or through a wired system.
Its model is machine-centric.
Its data quality is from high to very high.

17. What are the layers of an IoT protocol?

Ans.

Sensing the Information layer
Network connectivity layer
Information processing layer
Application layer

16. Mention some disadvantages of IoT?

Ans. Some major disadvantages of IoT are as follows:

Safety: IoT technology enables an ecosystem of several connected devices. Sometimes, during this process, the system may offer slight authentication control despite having sufficient cybersecurity measures in check.
Seclusion: The use of the Internet of Things, exposes a considerable amount of personal and private data, in extreme and varied detail, without the user’s active participation and knowledge. This creates lots of privacy issues in the use of IoT.
Alterable: There is a huge number of concerns regarding the flexibility and adaptability of an IoT system. It is mainly regarding integrating and communicating with another system, or a group of technic questions, as there are many diverse systems involved in the process in between.
Complexity: The design of the IoT system is also quite convoluted. However, its deployment and maintenance are also not very easy and rapid.
Compliance: The Internet of Things has its own set of rules and regulations to follow. But because of its complexity, the task of compliance is quite demanding and stretching.

15. What is an Arduino?

Ans. The Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software ecosystem. Arduino boards can read inputs like – light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a tweet- and convert them into an output – like activating a toy motor, turning on a specific LED, or posting something online. You can tell your community what to do by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller placed on the board. To perform this task you use the Arduino programming language, and the Arduino Software(its IDE).

14. List some of the most used sensors in IoT?

Ans. Mostly used sensors in IoT are mentioned below:

Smoke sensors
Temperature sensor
Pressure sensors
Motion detection sensor
Gas sensors
Proximity sensors
IR sensor

13. Mention a basic difference between a sensor business and IoT?

Ans. In IoT, we need an active internet connection all the time at least on the control side to work and function. A sensor business need not require an active internet network connection to work.

12. Mention some of the advantages of IoT?

Ans. Some important benefits of IoT are listed below:

Technical Optimization: The Internet of Things ecosystem helps a lot in improving techniques and making them perform better. For example, with IoT, a product manufacturer can collect data from various car sensors around the globe. The manufacturer then analyses this information to improve its design and make them more efficient and reliable.
Improved Data Collection: Traditional data collection has its limitations and is designed for passive usage. IoT facilitates many immediate actions on data.
Reduced Waste: IoT offers real-time information leading to effective and accurate decision-making & management of plenty of resources. For example, if a manufacturer finds a problem persisting in multiple car engines, he can track the exact manufacturing plan of those engines and solve this problem within the manufacturing belt.
Improved Customer Engagement: IoT allows you to improve customer experience by detecting problems and improving the process in many ways.

11. What protocol is Bluegiga APX4 protocol?

Ans. It is a solution that mostly supports both WiFi and BLE platform, and is based on a 450MHz ARM9 processor.

10. What are some of the most common applications of IoT?

Ans. Some of the most common applications of the Internet of Things are mentioned below:

Smart Thermostats: They help you to save resources on heating bills by tracking your usage patterns.
Connected Cars: IoT helps many automobile companies in handling billing, parking, insurance, and other related stuff automatically.
Activity Trackers: It often helps you to capture heart rate patterns, calorie expenditure, activity levels, and skin temperature on your wrist via common devices like smartwatches.
Smart Outlets: Turn any device on or off while being at a distance. It trackback a device’s energy level and gets get custom notifications directly into your smartphone through wireless communication.
Parking Sensors: The Internet of Things allows users to identify the real-time availability of parking spaces on their phones.
Connect Health: The concept of a connected healthcare ecosystem facilitates real-time health monitoring of patients. It helps in improved medical decision-making based on patient data.

9. Explain Pulse Width modulation and mention some applications of PWM in IoT?

Ans. Pulse Width Modulation is a form of how long the signal is high in an analog fashion. The signal can be low or high and the user can even alter the proportion of the time.

Applications of PWM in IoT are:

Controlling the direction of a servo motor.
Controlling the speed of a DC motor.
Dimming LED.

8. Explain Bluetooth Low Energy and define MicroPython?

Ans. Bluetooth Low Energy is a wireless Personal Area Network (PAN) technology. It is used to transmit over long distances rather than short distances as it uses less power in this process.

A MicroPython is a python implementation that covers a small subset of the standard library. After some optimization, it can also run on a ModeMCU microcontroller.

7. Name available models in Raspberry Pi?

Ans. Raspberry Pi models are:

Raspberry Pi 1 Model B
Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+
Raspberry Pi 1 Model A
Raspberry Pi Zero
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B
Raspberry Pi 1 Model A+
Raspberry Pi Zero W
Raspberry Pi 2

6. Name some of the challenges in IoT?

Ans. Some of the important challenges in IoT are as follows:

Insufficient updating and testing.
Concern regarding data privacy and data security.
Hard Software complexity.
Data interpretation and volumes.
Integration with automation and AI.
All Devices require a constant power supply which is difficult to maintain.
Interaction and short-range communication.

5. What are some of the commonly used water sensors?

Ans. Some commonly used water sensors are:

Turbidity sensor
Total organic carbon sensor
Conductivity sensor
pH sensor

4. What are some of the major differences between Arduino and Raspberry Pi?

Ans.

Arduino

It can only operate one program at a time.
It is an open USB microcontroller that can be programmed easily.

Raspberry Pi

One can run more than one program at a time.
It is also known as a credit card computer.

3. What are majorly used IoT protocols?

Ans. Some of the most popular and mostly used IoT protocols are as follows:

XMPP
AMQP
Very Simple Control Protocol (VSCP)
Data Distribution Service (DDS)
MQTT protocol
Simple Text Oriented Messaging Protocol(STOMP)
Zigbee
WiFi

2. What are some of the suitable databases for IoT?

Ans. Some majorly suitable databases for IoT are:

influx DB
Apache Cassandra
MongoDB
Sqlite
RethinkDB

1. What are the primary real-time usage of Raspberry Pi? Explain android things and explain the aim of an airflow sensor.

Ans. The real-time usage of Raspberry Pi is:

Home a
manipulating the robots
Internet radio
Portable webserver

Android Things is android based Operating Software that is used for embedded devices.

Airflow sensors measure the extent of air level in the soil. It helps to measure air levels dynamically from one or more than one locations in the garden.

This was about “Interview Questions On IoT, Internet Of Things“. I hope this article may help you all a lot. Thank you for reading.

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Chetan Shidling

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