Types Of Motors Used In Electric Vehicles, Electric Car Motors

Hello guys, welcome back to our blog. In this article, we will discuss the types of motors used in electric vehicles, electric car motors, and we will also give some brief explanations on motors.

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Types Of Motors Used In Electric Vehicles

An electric vehicle is that which is propelled by an electric motor. The electric motor is powered by batteries by using converter devices depending upon the type of vehicle.

Types of electric motors used in electric vehicle

Permanent magnet synchronous motor
Dc series motor
Brushless dc motor
Switched reluctance motor
Three-phase ac induction motors

01. Permanent magnet synchronous motor

A permanent magnet synchronous motor is widely used in modern electric vehicles and pmsm is similar to the brushless dc motor only difference is bldc has the trapezoidal type of back emf and pmsm has the sinusoidal type of back emf it has high torque-to-current ratios, high efficiency, high power to weight ratio and it is robust in construction.

There are two types of PMSM motors: surface-mounted permanent magnet and interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drives. Interior motors have better performance than surface-mounted motors.

02. Dc series motor

It has high starting torque due to torque is directly proportional to the current square so, a small increase in current may affect the large increase in torque speed control is very easy and it is easy to operate and it has bearing capacity for a sudden increase in loads and the disadvantage of these motor it requires high maintenance because of brushes and commutator.

03. Brushless dc motor

The brushless dc motor is similar to the dc series motor but in this motor, there are no brushes and commutators and it is also having high starting torque and low maintenance, high efficiency in this motor permanent magnets are used and it is also known as electronically commutated motor or synchronous dc motor and it has instantaneous control over its speed.

04. Switched reluctance motor

In the switched reluctance motor, the rotor of switched reluctance motor is a piece of laminated steel and there are no windings or permanent magnet on the rotor it has a high-speed operation, and high power density and it is simple in construction and the drives and traction require high speed so, this type of motor is used in electric vehicle and this switched reluctance motor runs on reluctance torque its main drawback is torque ripple.

05. Three-phase induction motor

Three-phase induction motor does not have high starting torque as like a dc series motor at a fixed voltage and the fixed frequency operation and this three-phase induction motor requires a complex inverter circuit and controlling the motor is difficult as the construction of the rotor point of view the induction motor has two types they are slip ring and squirrel cage induction motor and for traction purpose slip ring induction motor is mostly used because it has high starting torque as compared to the squirrel cage induction motor and this squirrel cage induction motor has high running torque as compared to the slip ring induction motor so, it has high efficiency and less maintenance.

The Speed Control Methods Of Induction Motor

Induction Motor Speed Control From Stator Side:-

By Changing The Applied Voltage:
By Changing The Applied Frequency
Constant V/F Control Of Induction Motor
Changing The Number Of Stator Poles

Speed Control From Rotor Side:-

Rotor Rheostat Control
Cascade Operation
By Injecting EMF In Rotor Circuit

These are the features we require in an electric vehicles motor:-

High efficiency
High instant power
Fast torque response
High power density
Low cost
High acceleration
Robustness

Benefits of using the above-mentioned motors:-

Simpler to maintain,
More durable,
Smaller,
85%–90% more efficient,
It responds faster at higher operating speeds,
Simpler to control in regard to speed control and reversing,
Lighter
Fewer failures
These all are self-start

I hope this article “Types Of Motors Used In Electric Vehicles” may help you all a lot. Thank you for reading.

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Aditya Singu

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